Contact details
About
Overview
David Williams is a Professor in the Department of Psychology in the School of Health and Medical Sciences at City St George's, University of London.
David studied Psychology and Philosophy at University of Warwick, before completing his PhD at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London. Early in his career he held research posts at UCL Institute of Child Health and City (now City St George’s), before taking up a Lectureship at Durham University. Most recently, he was Professor of Psychology at the University of Kent where he worked for 13 years and acted in several leadership roles, including Dean of Kent Business School, Dean of the School of Human and Social Sciences, and Head of the Department of Psychology.
David’s research focuses on developmental psychology and cognitive development, with a particular emphasis on neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism. More specifically, his work seeks to understand how people monitor and evaluate their own thinking (metacognition), how they reason about other minds (mindreading), and how these processes shape everyday functioning. He is interested in the role of self-related cognition and memory processes, and how these may differ in neurodevelopmental conditions. His major current focus is on understanding the developmental links between autism and gender diversity.
Research funding (selected)
ESRC (PI), £661k (2022–2026): Markers of Autism & Gender Incongruence in Children (MAGIC)
Leverhulme Trust (Co-I), £298k (2017–2021): Development of Childhood Perfectionism
ESRC (PI), £349k (2015–2019): Metacognition & Mindreading: One System or Two?
Leverhulme Trust (Co-I), £225k (2015–2019): Imagining the Self in Fictional Worlds: Evidence from Autism
ESRC (PI), £99k (2011–2012): Time- & Event-Based Prospective Memory in Autism
Publications
Publications by category
Chapters (3)
- Lind, S.E., Williams, D.M., Grainger, C. and Landsiedel, J. (2018). The Self in Autism and Its Relation to Memory. (pp. 70-91). Wiley. ISBN 9781119158264.
- In Marshall, C. (Ed.), (2012). Current Issues in Developmental Disorders. In Psychology Press.
- Lind, S.E. and Williams, D.M. (2011). Behavioural, Biopsychosocial, and Cognitive Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders. International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (pp. 99-114). Springer New York. ISBN 9781441980649.
Journal articles (40)
- Williams, D.M., Kallitsounaki, A., Fysh, M. and Lind, S. (2026). Links Between Autism, Childhood Gender Nonconformity, and Adult Sexual Orientation. Autism in Adulthood
- Kallitsounaki, A., Williams, D.M. and Fysh, M.C. (2026). Links between gender diversity and autism traits in non-autistic cisgender and transgender adults: Contributions of negative affect and alexithymia. International Journal of Transgender Health pp. 1-23. doi:10.1080/26895269.2026.2658857
- Kallitsounaki, A., Fysh, M.C., Williams, D.M., Spinner, L. and Kennedy, E. (2026). Implicit and explicit gender identification in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, and their caregivers. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(3), pp. 857-868. doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02869-5
- Fysh, M.C., Kallitsounaki, A., Williams, D.M., Kennedy, E. and Spinner, L. (2026). Gender Identity Profiles in Autistic and Non‐Autistic Cisgender and Gender Diverse Youth, and Their Caregivers. Autism Research, 19(1). doi:10.1002/aur.70142
- Kallitsounaki, A., Fysh, M.C., Williams, D.M., Spinner, L. and Kennedy, E. (2026). Behavioural phenotypes of autism in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth and their caregivers. Autism, 30(1), pp. 163-175. doi:10.1177/13623613251379920
- Abbot-Smith, K., Matthews, D., Bannard, C., Nice, J., Malkin, L., Williams, D.... Hobson, W. (2025). Conversational topic maintenance and related cognitive abilities in autistic versus neurotypical children. Autism, 29(3), pp. 684-697. doi:10.1177/13623613241286610
- Smith, M., Williams, D., Lind, S. and Ferguson, H.J. (2023). Revisiting the ownership effect in adults with and without autism. PLOS ONE, 18(12), pp. e0293898-e0293898. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293898
- Kallitsounaki, A., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2021). Links Between Autistic Traits, Feelings of Gender Dysphoria, and Mentalising Ability: Replication and Extension of Previous Findings from the General Population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), pp. 1458-1465. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04626-w
- Nicholson, T., Williams, D.M., Lind, S.E., Grainger, C. and Carruthers, P. (2021). Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(2), pp. 206-220. doi:10.1037/xge0000878
- Barzy, M., Filik, R., Williams, D. and Ferguson, H.J. (2020). Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye‐Tracking. Autism Research, 13(4), pp. 563-578. doi:10.1002/aur.2272
- Lind, S.E., Williams, D.M., Nicholson, T., Grainger, C. and Carruthers, P. (2020). The self-reference effect on memory is not diminished in autism: Three studies of incidental and explicit self-referential recognition memory in autistic and neurotypical adults and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(2), pp. 224-236. doi:10.1037/abn0000467
- Nicholson, T., Williams, D.M., Grainger, C., Lind, S.E. and Carruthers, P. (2019). Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder. Consciousness and Cognition, 70, pp. 11-24. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.01.013
- Black, J., Barzy, M., Williams, D. and Ferguson, H. (2019). Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye‐tracking. Autism Research, 12(3), pp. 422-444. doi:10.1002/aur.2056
- Malkin, L., Abbot‐Smith, K., Williams, D. and Ayling, J. (2018). When do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Take Common Ground into Account During Communication? Autism Research, 11(10), pp. 1366-1375. doi:10.1002/aur.2007
- Nicholson, T.M., Williams, D.M., Grainger, C., Christensen, J.F., Calvo-Merino, B. and Gaigg, S.B. (2018). Interoceptive impairments do not lie at the heart of autism or alexithymia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(6), pp. 612-622. doi:10.1037/abn0000370
- Williams, D.M., Nicholson, T., Grainger, C., Lind, S.E. and Carruthers, P. (2018). Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(8), pp. 1129-1137. doi:10.1002/aur.1962
- Williams, D.M., Nicholson, T. and Grainger, C. (2018). The Self‐Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits. Autism Research, 11(2), pp. 331-341. doi:10.1002/aur.1891
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2017). Recognition memory and source memory in autism spectrum disorder: A study of the intention superiority and enactment effects. Autism, 21(7), pp. 812-820. doi:10.1177/1362361316653364
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2016). Judgment of Learning Accuracy in High-functioning Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(11), pp. 3570-3582. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2895-1
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2016). Metacognitive monitoring and control processes in children with autism spectrum disorder: Diminished judgement of confidence accuracy. Consciousness and Cognition, 42, pp. 65-74. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.03.003
- Botting, N., Bean-Ellawadi, A. and Williams, D. (2016). Language impairments in childhood – A range of profiles, a variety of reasons. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 1. doi:10.1177/2396941516654609
- Williams, D.M., Peng, C. and Wallace, G.L. (2016). Verbal Thinking and Inner Speech Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychology Review, 26, pp. 394-419
- Grisdale, E., Lind, S.E., Eacott, M.J. and Williams, D.M. (2014). Self-referential memory in autism spectrum disorder and typical development: Exploring the ownership effect. Consciousness and Cognition, 30, pp. 133-141. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.08.023
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2014). Metacognition, metamemory, and mindreading in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(3), pp. 650-659. doi:10.1037/a0036531
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2014). Online Action Monitoring and Memory for Self-Performed Actions in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(5), pp. 1193-1206. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1987-4
- Lind, S.E., Williams, D.M., Bowler, D.M. and Peel, A. (2014). Episodic memory and episodic future thinking impairments in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: An underlying difficulty with scene construction or self-projection? Neuropsychology, 28(1), pp. 55-67. doi:10.1037/neu0000005
- Williams, D.M., Jarrold, C., Grainger, C. and Lind, S.E. (2014). Diminished time-based, but undiminished event-based, prospective memory among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder: Relation to working memory ability. Neuropsychology, 28(1), pp. 30-42. doi:10.1037/neu0000008
- Williams, D.M. and Bowler, D.M. (2014). Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent? Autism, 18(1), pp. 2-5. doi:10.1177/1362361313513523
- Grainger, C., Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2014). Online action monitoring and memory for self-performed actions in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, pp. 1193-1206
- Lind, S.E., Williams, D.M., Raber, J., Peel, A. and Bowler, D.M. (2013). Spatial navigation impairments among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder: Exploring relations with theory of mind, episodic memory, and episodic future thinking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(4), pp. 1189-1199. doi:10.1037/a0034819
- Williams, D., Boucher, J., Lind, S. and Jarrold, C. (2013). Time-Based and Event-Based Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of Executive Function and Theory of Mind, and Time-Estimation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), pp. 1555-1567. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1703-9
- Williams, D., Payne, H. and Marshall, C. (2013). Non-word Repetition Impairment in Autism and Specific Language Impairment: Evidence for Distinct Underlying Cognitive Causes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(2), pp. 404-417. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1579-8
- Williams, D. and Jarrold, C. (2013). Assessing planning and set-shifting abilities in autism: Are experimenter-administered and computerised versions of tasks equivalent? Autism Research, 6, pp. 461-467
- Lind, S.E. and Williams, D.M. (2012). The association between past and future oriented thinking: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder. Learning and Motivation, 43(4), pp. 231-240. doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2012.05.004
- Tivnan, A., Orr, W.S., Gubala, V., Nooney, R., Williams, D.E., McDonagh, C.... Stallings, R.L. (2012). Inhibition of Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth by Targeted Delivery of MicroRNA-34a Using Anti-Disialoganglioside GD2 Coated Nanoparticles. PLoS ONE, 7(5), pp. e38129-e38129. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038129
- Williams, D.M., Bowler, D.M. and Jarrold, C. (2012). Inner speech is used to mediate short-term memory, but not planning, among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 24(1), pp. 225-239. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000794
- Williams, D.M., Bowler, D.M. and Jarrold, C. (2012). Inner speech is used to mediate short-term memory, but not planning, among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 24(1), pp. 225-239. doi:10.1017/s0954579411000794
- Williams, D.M., Lind, S.E. and Happé, F. (2009). Metacognition may be more impaired than mindreading in autism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(2), pp. 162-163. doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000818
- Williams, D., Botting, N. and Boucher, J. (2008). Language in autism and specific language impairment: Where are the links? Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), pp. 944-963. doi:10.1037/a0013743
- Boucher, J., Pons, F., Lind, S. and Williams, D. (2007). Temporal Cognition in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Tests of Diachronic Thinking. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(8), pp. 1413-1429. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0285-9