Professor David Edgar
Contact details
About
Overview
Following a first degree in maths at Queens University Belfast, Dave studied optometry (or ophthalmic optics as it was then) at City University. After a pre-registration year at Moorfields Eye Hospital, and a short time in hospital and locum practice, Dave joined the staff at City University in 1977. He has been with City since then and is currently Emeritus Professor.
Qualifications
- Fellow of the College of Optometrists, College of Optometrists, United Kingdom, 1980
- BSc (Ophthalmic Optics), City University London, United Kingdom, 1971 - 1974
- BSc (Mathematics), Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom, 1968 - 1971
Employment
- Emeritus Professor, City, University of London, London, October 2014 - present
- Professor of Clinical Optometry, City, University of London, United Kingdom, May 2004 - September 2014
- Head of Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City, University of London, United Kingdom, April 1999 - April 2005
- Senior Lecturer, City, University of London, United Kingdom, October 1987 - April 2004
- Director of Clinics, City, University of London, United Kingdom, October 1987 - September 1997
- Lecturer, City, University of London, United Kingdom, August 1977 - September 1987
- Pre-registration optometrist then Sessional Optometrist, Moorfields Eye Hospital, August 1974 - July 1977
Fellowships
- Life Fellow, College of Optometrists, 2010 - present
- Fellow, College of Optometrists, 1980 - present
Memberships of professional organisations
- College of Optometrists
Teaching
Educational Leadership
Link Tutor for RNIB Eye Clinic Support Studies Short Course.
BSc Optometry Modules
OV2004 Clinical Skills.
OV3017 Eye Disease and Therapeutics.
OV3019 Clinical and Professional Practice.
External Examining
External Examiner on Final Assessment Panel for OSCE examinations of the Scheme for Registration of the College of Optometrists.
External Examiner for Optometry at University of Cardiff
Research
Current Research
I am a member of the Ophthalmic Public Health Research Group within the Division of Optometry and Visual Science.
My current Research interests include:
- Models of ophthalmic service delivery.
- Glaucoma.
- Prevalence of visual impairment in people with dementia.
- Improving clinical decision making in optometry.
- Standardised patients in optometry.
Current Research Grants
2012 - 2015. Collaborator on Enhanced Scheme Evaluation Project funded by the College of Optometrists (£249K). PIs are John Lawrenson (City University) and Robert Harper (Manchester Royal Eye Hospital).
Recent Research Grants
2012 - 2014. Co-applicant on project to investigate "The prevalence of visual impairment in people with dementia" funded by NIHR (£447K). PI is Mike Bowen (College of Optometrists).
2011 -2014. Collaborator on the "Equipment and Eyecare" project funded by the College of Optometrists and Optivue Inc. (£92K) PI is John Lawrenson (City University).
Main Collaborators
Prof John Lawrenson (City University)
Prof Bruce Evans (City University/LSBU)
Dr Robert Harper (Manchester Royal Eye Hospital)
Dr Joy Myint (University of Hertfordshire)
Mike Bowen/Beverley Hancock (College of Optometrists)
David Parkins (London Eye Health Network)
Research students
Priya Dabasia
Thesis title: Equipment and its impact on eye care
Further information: A College of Optometrists funded grant for "Equipment and its impact on eye care" which is evaluating the impact of modern technology on current optometric practice using quantitative and qualitative methods.
Publications
Publications by category
Books (3)
- Edgar, D.F. and Rudnicka, A.R. (2007). Glaucoma Identification & Co-management. ISBN 9780750637824.
- Edgar, D.F. and Rudnicka, A.R. (2007). Glaucoma Identification and co-management.
- Edgar, D.F. and Rudnicka, A. (2007). Preface.
Chapters (2)
- (2007). In Glaucoma Identification & Co-management (pp. vii-vii). Elsevier. ISBN 9780750637824.
- Rudnicka, A.R. and Edgar, D.F. (2007). Interpretation of visual field measures from automated and semi-automated perimeters. Glaucoma Identification & Co-management (pp. 55-75). Elsevier. ISBN 9780750637824.
Conference papers and proceedings (35)
- Bott, D., Campbell, P., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D., Alaghband, P. and Lawrenson, J. (2024). Determinants of medication adherence in UK glaucoma patients: An interview study. ARVO 2024 5-9 May, Seattle, USA.
- Bott, D., Campbell, P., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D., Alaghband, P. and Lawrenson, J. (2023). Practitioner experiences managing glaucoma medication adherence and recommending technology: A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. European Academy of Optometry and Optics Newsroom About us Membership Education Events 12-14 May, Poznan, Poland.
- Bott, D., Campbell, P., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D., Alaghband, P. and Lawrenson, J. (2022). Investigating the feasibility and acceptability of using technology to improve adherence to glaucoma medication. BCOVS, 2022 12-13 September, Aston, UK.
- Bott, D., Campbell, P., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D., Alaghband, P. and Lawrenson, J. (2022). Investigating the feasibility and acceptability of using a chatbot to improve adherence to glaucoma medication. WVUK Annual Meeting 2022 10 June-, Online.
- Frost, E., Edgar, D. and Subramanian, A. (2022). The Impact of COVID-19 on individuals with visual impairment, their care and support service: evidence to support future planning. Research Symposium - Facilitating Practice Level Research in Primary Care Optometry 2022 1 March.
- Lawrenson, J., Fidalgo, B., Dabasia, P., Jindal, A., Edgar, D., Ctori, I.... Peto, T. Predictive value of screening tests for sight‐threatening eye disease in a UK population. .doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.5092
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Campbell, P. Inter-optometrist and intra-optometrist agreement for Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT). .
- Campbell, P., Edgar, D.F. and Shah, R. Agreement of three tonometers with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT). .
- Bowen, M., Hancock, B., Edgar, D.F., Shah, R., Iliffe, S., Pickett, J.... Taylor, J.-.P. The PrOVIDe Study: sample characteristics. .
- Dabasia, P., Murdoch, I., Edgar, D. and Lawrenson, J. Case‐finding for angle closure: the diagnostic value of simple tests for estimating limbal and central anterior chamber depth. .doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0319
- Abdel-Hay, A., Sivaprasad, S., Subramanian, A., Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D. and Barbur, J. Chromatic sensitivity changes in Type I and Type II diabetics. ARVO.
- Bowen, M., Hancock, B., Edgar, D. and Shah, R. Improving eye care for people with dementia: lessons for optometric practice. .
- Abdel-Hay, A., Sivaprasad, S., Subramanian, A., Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D. and Barbur, J. Chromatic sensitivity in diabetic patients treated with Ozurdex. ARVO.
- Kvansakul, J., Edgar, D.F., Barbur, J.L., Schalch, W., Barker, F.M. and Köpcke, W. Assessment of visual performance in relation to macular pigment density in human vision. .
- Chisholm, C.M., Barbur, J.L., Harlow, J.A. and Edgar, D.F. A new "pass/fail" test for assessing visual performance following corneal refractive surgery. .
- Edgar, D.F., Hennelly, M. and Barbur, J.L. Factors affecting the accuracy of light scatter measurements in human vision. .
- Chisholm, C.M., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Thomson, W.D. The effect of excimer laser refractive surgery on visual performance. .
- Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J.G. and Rupra, G.K. A compara 1ivl study of the efficacy and tolerability of topical corneal anaesthetics. .
- Hennelly, M.L., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Woodward, E.G. Factors affecting the integrated straylight parameter in the normal human eye. .
- EDGAR, D.F., BARBUR, J.L. and WOODWARD, E.G. PUPIL SIZE MEASUREMENTS IN RELATION TO LIGHT SCATTER IN THE EYE. .
- RUDNICKA, A.R. and EDGAR, D.F. AUTOMATED PERIMETRY OF BLIND SPOT REGION IN MYOPES WITH PERIPAPILLARY CRESCENTS. .
- RUDNICKA, A.R. and EDGAR, D.F. CENTRAL VISUAL-FIELD BY AUTOMATED PERIMETRY IN MYOPES WITH PERIPAPILLARY CRESCENTS. .
- GUTTRIDGE, N.M. and EDGAR, D.F. THE EFFECT OF THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE ON VISUAL PERFORMANCE. .
- CRABB, D.P., FITZKE, F.W., EDGAR, D.F. and MCNAUGHT, A.I. IMPROVING THE ANALYSIS OF GLAUCOMATOUS VISUAL-FIELD DATA WITH IMAGE-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. .
- RUDNICKA, A.R., BURK, R.W., FITZKE, F.W. and EDGAR, D.F. MAGNIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNDUS IMAGING-SYSTEMS. .
- CRABB, D.P., EDGAR, D.F. and FITZKE, F.W. A SPATIAL FILTER PROCESS TO DETECT THE LEVEL OF VARIABILITY WITHIN VISUAL-FIELD DATA. .
- LAWRENSON, J.G., EDGAR, D.F., GUDGEON, A.C., BURNS, J.M. and GERAINT, M. A COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF TOPICALLY APPLIED PROPARACAINE USING A NEW OPHTHALMIC DELIVERY SYSTEM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL EYE DROPS IN HEALTHY-YOUNG VOLUNTEERS. .
- RUDNICKA, A.R., EDGAR, D.F. and BENNETT, A.G. CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL EYE AND ITS APPLICATIONS. .
- EDGAR, D.F., STEWARTJONES, J.H., CRABB, D.P., RUDNICKA, A.R., LAWRENSON, J.G., GUTTRIDGE, N.M.... OBRIEN, C. EFFECTS OF PILOCARPINE AND PROPINE ON PUPIL DIAMETER, AUTOMATED PERIMETRY AND LOGMAR ACUITY. .
- GUTTRIDGE, N.M., EDGAR, D.F. and CRABB, D.P. THE EFFECT OF THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE ON AUTOMATED PERIMETRY. .
- RUDNICKA, A.R., STEELE, C.F., CRABB, D.P. and EDGAR, D.F. CLINICAL-EVALUATION OF THE ALLERGAN HUMPHREY ULTRASONIC BIOMETER. .
- WRIGHT, S., EDGAR, D.F., STEWARTJONES, J.H. and TURNER, P. COMPARISON OF TOPICAL BETAXOLOL, CARTEOLOL, METIPRANOLOL AND SALINE ON INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE IN NORMAL VOLUNTEERS. .
- DANIELS, S., EDGAR, D.F., STEWARTJONES, J.H. and TURNER, P. INFLUENCE OF PRETREATMENT WITH OXYBUPROCAINE ON PUPILLARY RESPONSE TO PHENYLEPHRINE IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS. .
- CORCORAN, J.S., AGARAWAL, O.P., YUDKIN, J.S., MOORE, K. and EDGAR, D.F. VISUAL-ACUITY AS A SCREENING-TEST FOR DIABETIC MACULOPATHY. .
- Stewart Jones, J.H. and Edgar, D.F. Effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, accommodation and the cardiovascular system in normal volunteers. .doi:10.1016/0275-5408(83)90095-9
Journal articles (119)
- CONWAY, M.L., EVANS, B.J.W., PENTLAND, L.E.E., EDGAR, D.F., SHAH, R. and EVANS, B.E.W. (2026). Trends in Amblyopia Risk Factors and Socioeconomic Disparities in Scottish Children Aged 3.5 to 5.5 Years. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 287, pp. 109-117. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2026.03.012
- Evans, B.J.W., Pentland, L., Evans, B.E.W., Edgar, D.F., Shah, R. and Conway, M.L. (2026). Binocular Vision Anomalies in Scotland at Age 3.5–5.5 Years: An Epidemiological Study. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 46(2), pp. 143-151. doi:10.1007/s44402-026-00042-2
- Bott, D., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J.G. and Campbell, P. (2026). Factors influencing glaucoma medication adherence: A qualitative study in the United Kingdom using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Optometry and Vision Science, 103(4). doi:10.1002/ovs2.70054
- Frost, E.C., Edgar, D.F., Dickinson, C. and Subramanian, A. (2026). Service providers views on changes in low vision service provision during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 44(1), pp. 65-84. doi:10.1177/02646196241298207
- Bott, D., Senthil, S., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J.G. and Campbell, P. (2025). Factors influencing glaucoma medication adherence: A qualitative study of patients and ophthalmologists in India. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 73(12), pp. 1792-1800. doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_556_25
- Evans, B.J.W., Pentland, L., Evans, B.E.W., Edgar, D.F., Shah, R. and Conway, M.L. (2025). Increasing myopia in Scotland at age of 3.5–5.5 years: A retrospective epidemiological study. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 45(3), pp. 834-844. doi:10.1111/opo.13461
- Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F. and Parkins, D.J. (2025). Shifting left for getting it right: Lessons from primary care optometry developments in Scotland. Eye, 39(5), pp. 804-805. doi:10.1038/s41433-025-03620-9
- Dave, S., Rathore, M., Campbell, P., Edgar, D.F., Crabb, D.P., Callaghan, T.... Jones, P.R. (2024). Views and opinions of patients with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration on vision home-monitoring: a UK-based focus group study. BMJ Open, 14(7), pp. e080619-e080619. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080619
- Parkins, D.J., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2024). Optometrist referral accuracy: Addressing the root causes of unwarranted variation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 44(1), pp. 229-230. doi:10.1111/opo.13248
- Bott, D., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D., Lawrenson, J.G. and Campbell, P. (2024). Barriers and enablers to medication adherence in glaucoma: A systematic review of modifiable factors using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 44(1), pp. 96-114. doi:10.1111/opo.13245
- Evans, B.J.W., Harvey, K. and Edgar, D.F. (2023). Referral replies to primary care optometrists: Technology must become a consistent enabler. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 43(6), pp. 1587-1587. doi:10.1111/opo.13224
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2023). Worsening vision at age 4–5 in England post‐COVID: Evidence from a large database of vision screening data. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 43(3), pp. 454-465. doi:10.1111/opo.13112
- Nucci, P., Lembo, A., Schiavetti, I., Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2023). A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine. PLOS ONE, 18(2), pp. e0281816-e0281816. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281816
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Khatoon, A., Hobby, A., Jessa, Z., Yammouni, R.... Evans, B.J.W. (2022). Referrals from community optometrists to the hospital eye service in Scotland and England. Eye, 36(9), pp. 1754-1760. doi:10.1038/s41433-021-01728-2
- Harvey, K., Edgar, D.F., Agarwal, R., Benwell, M.J. and Evans, B.J.W. (2022). Referrals from community optometrists in England and their replies: A mixed methods study. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 42(3), pp. 454-470. doi:10.1111/opo.12948
- Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2022). Methodological challenges and opportunities in evaluating clinical safety in primary eyecare services. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 42(3), pp. 658-659. doi:10.1111/opo.12954
- Campbell, P., Edgar, D.F. and Shah, R. (2022). Re: inter-optometrist variability of IOP measurement for modern tonometers and their agreement with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 105(3), pp. 347-348. doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.1987138
- Shah, R., Ctori, I., Edgar, D.F. and Parker, P. (2021). Use of standardised patients in optometry training. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 104(8), pp. 848-853. doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.1896332
- Parkins, D.J., Shah, B., Benwell, M.J., Evans, B.J.W. and Edgar, D.F. (2021). Design and use of vignettes to investigate referral decision-making by optometrists. Journal of Optometry, 14(4), pp. 346-354. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2020.09.004
- Campbell, P., Edgar, D.F. and Shah, R. (2021). Inter-optometrist variability of IOP measurement for modern tonometers and their agreement with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 104(5), pp. 602-610. doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.1878831
- Jones, L., Callaghan, T., Campbell, P., Jones, P.R., Taylor, D.J., Asfaw, D.S.... Crabb, D.P. (2021). Acceptability of a home-based visual field test (Eyecatcher) for glaucoma home monitoring: a qualitative study of patients’ views and experiences. BMJ Open, 11(4), pp. e043130-e043130. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043130
- Grace, P., Evans, B.J.W., Edgar, D.F., Patel, P.J., Thomas, D., Mahon, G.... Bennett, D. (2021). Investigation of the efficacy of an online tool for improving the diagnosis of macular lesions imaged by optical coherence tomography. Journal of Optometry, 14(2), pp. 206-214. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2020.07.006
- Jones, P.R., Campbell, P., Callaghan, T., Jones, L., Asfaw, D.S., Edgar, D.F.... Crabb, D.P. (2021). Glaucoma Home Monitoring Using a Tablet-Based Visual Field Test (Eyecatcher): An Assessment of Accuracy and Adherence Over 6 Months. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 223, pp. 42-52. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.039
- Evans, B.J.W., Edgar, D.F., Jessa, Z., Yammouni, R., Campbell, P., Soteri, K.... Shah, R. (2021). Referrals from community optometrists to the hospital eye service in England. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 41(2), pp. 365-377. doi:10.1111/opo.12772
- Jones, P.R., Demaria, G., Tigchelaar, I., Asfaw, D.S., Edgar, D.F., Campbell, P.... Crabb, D.P. (2020). The Human Touch: Using a Webcam to Autonomously Monitor Compliance During Visual Field Assessments. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 9(8), pp. 31-31. doi:10.1167/tvst.9.8.31
- Edwards, L.A., Campbell, P., Taylor, D.J., Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Crabb, D.P. (2019). Healthy shopper? Blood pressure testing in a shopping centre Pop-Up in England. BMC Public Health, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6370-0
- Fidalgo, B.R., Dabasia, P., Jindal, A., Edgar, D.F., Ctori, I., Peto, T.... Lawrenson, J.G. (2019). Role of advanced technology in the detection of sight-threatening eye disease in a UK community setting. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 4(1), pp. e000347-e000347. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000347
- Edwards, L.A., Taylor, D.J., Campbell, P., Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Crabb, D.P. (2019). Feeling the pressure: a cross-sectional study exploring feasibility of a healthcare Pop-Up for intraocular pressure measurements in shopping centres in England. BMJ Open, 9(11), pp. e030523-e030523. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030523
- Forbes, H., Sutton, M., Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J., Spencer, A.F., Fenerty, C.... Harper, R. (2019). Impact of the Manchester Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme on NHS costs. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 4(1), pp. e000278-e000278. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000278
- Gunn, P.J.G., Marks, J.R., Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J.G., Roberts, S.A.... Harper, R.A. (2019). Clinical effectiveness of the Manchester Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 103(8), pp. 1066-1071. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312385
- Burns, D.H., Allen, P.M., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2019). Sources of error in clinical measurement of the amplitude of accommodation. Journal of Optometry. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2019.05.002
- Burns, D.H., Allen, P.M., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2018). A Review of Depth of Focus in Measurement of the Amplitude of Accommodation. Vision, 2(3), pp. 37-37. doi:10.3390/vision2030037
- Parkins, D.J., Benwell, M.J., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2018). The relationship between unwarranted variation in optometric referrals and time since qualification. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 38(5), pp. 550-561. doi:10.1111/opo.12580
- Konstantakopoulou, E., Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F., Larkin, G., Janikoun, S. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2018). Clinical safety of a minor eye conditions scheme in England delivered by community optometrists. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 3(1), pp. e000125-e000125. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000125
- Mason, T., Jones, C., Sutton, M., Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D.F., Harper, R.A.... Lawrenson, J.G. (2017). Retrospective economic analysis of the transfer of services from hospitals to the community: an application to an enhanced eye care service. BMJ Open, 7(7), pp. e014089-e014089. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014089
- Lawrenson, J.G., Baker, H., Ratnarajan, G., Harper, R.A. and Edgar, D.F. (2017). Authors' reply. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 37(1), pp. 113-114. doi:10.1111/opo.12347
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Bowen, M. and Hancock, B. (2017). Dementia and optometry: A growing need. Optometry in Practice, 18(4), pp. 177-186
- Baker, H., Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2016). Multi-stakeholder perspectives of locally commissioned enhanced optometric services. BMJ Open, 6(10), pp. e011934-e011934. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011934
- Baker, H., Ratnarajan, G., Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2016). Effectiveness of UK optometric enhanced eye care services: a realist review of the literature. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 36(5), pp. 545-557. doi:10.1111/opo.12312
- Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D.F., Harper, R.A., Baker, H., Sutton, M., Janikoun, S.... Lawrenson, J.G. (2016). Evaluation of a minor eye conditions scheme delivered by community optometrists. BMJ Open, 6(8), pp. e011832-e011832. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011832
- Bowen, M., Edgar, D.F., Hancock, B., Haque, S., Shah, R., Buchanan, S.... O’Leary, N. (2016). The Prevalence of Visual Impairment in People with Dementia (the PrOVIDe study): a cross-sectional study of people aged 60–89 years with dementia and qualitative exploration of individual, carer and professional perspectives. Health Services and Delivery Research, 4(21), pp. 1-200. doi:10.3310/hsdr04210
- Dabasia, P.L., Fidalgo, B.R., Edgar, D.F., Garway-Heath, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2015). Diagnostic Accuracy of Technologies for Glaucoma Case-Finding in a Community Setting. Ophthalmology, 122(12), pp. 2407-2415. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.019
- Dabasia, P.L., Edgar, D.F., Murdoch, I.E. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2015). Noncontact Screening Methods for the Detection of Narrow Anterior Chamber Angles. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 56(6), pp. 3929-3929. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16727
- Abdel-hay, A., Sivaprasad, S., Subramanian, A., Edgar, D.F. and Barbur, J.L. (2015). Chromatic sensitivity changes in Type I and Type II diabetics. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 56(7)
- Shah, R., Hancock, B., Bowen, M. and Edgar, D. (2015). A proposal for a UK Dementia Eye Care Pathway. Optometry in Practice, 16(2), pp. 71-76
- Jindal, A., Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Nolan, W.P. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2015). Agreement among optometrists and ophthalmologists in estimating limbal anterior chamber depth using the van Herick method. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 35(2), pp. 179-185. doi:10.1111/opo.12199
- Jindal, A., Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Nolan, W.P. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2015). Agreement among optometrists and ophthalmologists in estimating limbal anterior chamber depth using the van Herick method. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 35(2), pp. 179-185. doi:10.1111/opo.12199
- D'Ath, P., Edgar, D.F., Rajah, C.S., Warburton, T.J., Sparrow, K.N. and Wilson, C.M. (2015). Fitness to Practise amongst UK optometrists. Optometry in Practice, 16(1), pp. 33-42
- Dabasia, P.L., Edgar, D.F., Garway‐Heath, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2014). A survey of current and anticipated use of standard and specialist equipment by UK optometrists. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 34(5), pp. 592-613. doi:10.1111/opo.12150
- LAWRENSON, J., DABASIA, P., EDGAR, D. and GARWAY‐HEATH, D. (2014). Performance of advanced technologies for community‐based glaucoma case‐finding. Acta Ophthalmologica, 92(s253), pp. 0-0. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.3422.x
- Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Murdoch, I.E. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2014). The impact of postgraduate training on UK optometrists’ clinical decision‐making in glaucoma. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 34(3), pp. 376-384. doi:10.1111/opo.12126
- Konstantakopoulou, E., Harper, R.A., Edgar, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2014). A qualitative study of stakeholder views regarding participation in locally commissioned enhanced optometric services. BMJ Open, 4(5), pp. e004781-e004781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004781
- van Doorn, L.L.A., Evans, B.J.W., Edgar, D.F. and Fortuin, M.F. (2014). Manufacturer changes lead to clinically important differences between two editions of the TNO stereotest. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 34(2), pp. 243-249. doi:10.1111/opo.12101
- Amin, M., Edgar, D.F., Parkins, D. and Hull, C. (2014). A Survey of Local Optical Committees (LOCs) involved in Cataract Pathways within the London Region. Optometry in Practice, 15(1), pp. 29-36
- Hancock, B., Bowen, M., Edgar, D., Pepe, R. and Shah, R. (2014). The Prevention and Management of Visual Impairment in People with Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS, 13, pp. 512-513
- Rauscher, F.G., Chisholm, C.M., Edgar, D.F. and Barbur, J.L. (2013). Assessment of novel binocular colour, motion and contrast tests in glaucoma. Cell and Tissue Research, 353(2), pp. 297-310. doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1675-x
- Rauscher, F.G., Chisholm, C.M., Edgar, D.F. and Barbur, J.L. (2013). Assessment of novel binocular colour, motion and contrast tests in glaucoma. Cell and Tissue Research pp. 1-14
- Theodossiades, J., Myint, J., Murdoch, I.E., Edgar, D.F. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2012). Does optometrists' self-reported practice in glaucoma detection predict actual practice as determined by standardised patients? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 32(3), pp. 234-241. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00898.x
- Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Kotecha, A., Murdoch, I.E. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2011). A national survey of diagnostic tests reported by UK community optometrists for the detection of chronic open angle glaucoma. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 31(4), pp. 353-359. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00844.x
- Parkins, D.J. and Edgar, D.F. (2011). Comparison of the effectiveness of two enhanced glaucoma referral schemes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 31(4), pp. 343-352. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00853.x
- Fortuin, M.F., Schilperoort, J., Evans, B.J.W., Edgar, D.F., Manon, H.M.T. and Kiers, H. (2011). Randomised controlled study comparing comfort-related outcomes between two rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses with different sessile drop contact angles. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 31(2), pp. 190-199. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00812.x
- Fortuin, M.F., Lambooij, M.T., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Heynderickx, I., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2011). An exploration of the initial effects of stereoscopic displays on optometric parameters. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 31(1), pp. 33-44. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00804.x
- Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Kotecha, A., Murdoch, I.E. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2010). Barriers perceived by UK-based community optometrists to the detection of primary open angle glaucoma. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 30(6), pp. 847-853. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00792.x
- Myint, J., Edgar, D.F., Kotecha, A., Crabb, D.P. and Lawrenson, J.G. (2010). Development of a competency framework for optometrists with a specialist interest in glaucoma. Eye (Lond), 24(9), pp. 1509-1514. doi:10.1038/eye.2010.62
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2010). A comparison of standardised patients, record abstraction and clinical vignettes for the purpose of measuring clinical practice. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 30(3), pp. 209-224. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00713.x
- Crabb, D.P., Smith, N.D., Rauscher, F.G., Chisholm, C.M., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F.... Garway-Heath, D.F. (2010). Exploring eye movements in patients with glaucoma when viewing a driving scene. PLoS One, 5(3), pp. e9710. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009710
- Edgar, D.F., Romanay, T., Lawrenson, J.G. and Myint, J. (2010). Referral behaviour among optometrists: Increase in the number of referrals from optometrists following the publication of the April 2009 NICE guidelines for the diagnosis and management of COAG and OHT in England and Wales and its implications. Optometry in Practice, 11, pp. 31-43
- Fortuin, M.F., Schilperoort, J., Evans, B.J.W., Edgar, D.F., van den Berg, T.J.T.P. and Kiers, H. (2009). Randomised controlled trial of the effects of two rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens materials and two surface cleaners on straylight values. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 29(5), pp. 497-508. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00660.x
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F. and Evans, B.J.W. (2009). How well does record abstraction quantify the content of optometric eye examinations in the UK? OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 29(4), pp. 383-396. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00656.x
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Rabbetts, R., Harle, D.E. and Evans, B.J.W. (2009). Standardized Patient Methodology to Assess Refractive Error Reproducibility. OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE, 86(5), pp. 517-528. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31819fa590
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Spry, P.G., Harper, R.A., Kotecha, A., Rughani, S.... Evans, B.J.W. (2009). Glaucoma detection: the content of optometric eye examinations for a presbyopic patient of African racial descent. Br J Ophthalmol, 93(4), pp. 492-496. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.145623
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Harle, D.E., Weddell, L., Austen, D.P., Burghardt, D.... Evans, B.J.W. (2009). The content of optometric eye examinations for a presbyopic patient presenting with symptoms of flashing lights. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 29(2), pp. 105-126. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00613.x
- Edgar, D.F., Shah, R., Rabbetts, R.B., Harle, D.E. and Evans, B.J. (2009). Standardised PAtient Methodology to Assess Refractive Error Reproducibility. Optom Vis Sci, 86(5), pp. 517-528
- Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., Rabbetts, R., Blakeney, S.L., Charlesworth, P., Harle, D.E.... Evans, B.J.W. (2008). The content of optometric eye examinations for a young myope with headaches. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 28(5), pp. 404-421. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00587.x
- Chisholm, C.M., Rauscher, F.G., Crabb, D.C., Davies, L.N., Dunne, M.C., Edgar, D.F.... Barbur, J.L. (2008). Assessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 92(2), pp. 225-230. doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.129726
- Chisholm, C.M., Rauscher, F.G., Crabb, D.C., Davies, L.N., Dunne, M.C., Edgar, D.F.... Barbur, J.L. (2008). Assessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 92(2), pp. 225-230. doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.129726
- Yasoubi, N., Edgar, D.F. and Chisholm, C.M. (2008). The effects of hydrogel contact lens wear on low contrast acuity. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, 55(4-5), pp. 599-610. doi:10.1080/09500340701469799
- Yasoubi, N., Edgar, D.F. and Chisholm, C.M. (2008). The effects of hydrogel contact lens wear on low contrast acuity. Journal of Modern Optics, 55(4), pp. 599-510
- Shah, R., Edgar, D. and Evans, B.J.W. (2007). Measuring clinical practice. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 27(2), pp. 113-125. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00481.x
- Shah, R., Evans, B.J.W. and Edgar, D.F. (2007). A survey of the availability of state funded primary eyecare in the UK for the very young and very old. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 27, pp. 473-481
- Kvansakul, J., Rodriguez-Carmona, M., Edgar, D.F., Barker, F.M., Köpcke, W., Schalch, W.... Barbur, J.L. (2006). Supplementation with the carotenoids lutein or zeaxanthin improves human visual performance. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 26(4), pp. 362-371. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00387.x
- Kvansakul, J., Rodriguez-Carmona, M., Edgar, D.F., Barker, F.M., Koepcke, W., Schalch, W.... Barbur, J.L. (2006). Supplementation with the carotenoids lutein or zeaxanthin improves human visual performance. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 26(4), pp. 362-371. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00387.x
- Rudnicka, A.R., Frost, C., Owen, C.G. and Edgar, D.F. (2001). Nonlinear behavior of certain optic nerve head parameters and their determinants in normal subjects. OPHTHALMOLOGY, 108(12), pp. 2358-2368. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00821-1
- Pacheco-Cutillas, M., Edgar, D.F. and Sahraie, A. (1999). Acquired colour vision defects in glaucoma-their detection and clinical significance. Br J Ophthalmol, 83(12), pp. 1396-1402. doi:10.1136/bjo.83.12.1396
- Edgar, D.F., Crabb, D.P., Rudnicka, A.R., Lawrenson, J.G., Guttridge, N.M. and O'Brien, C.J. (1999). Effects of dipivefrin and pilocarpine on pupil diameter, automated perimetry and LogMAR acuity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 237(2), pp. 117-124. doi:10.1007/s004170050206
- Rudnicka, A.R., Burk, R.O.W., Edgar, D.F. and Fitzke, F.W. (1998). Magnification characteristics of fundus imaging systems. OPHTHALMOLOGY, 105(12), pp. 2186-2192. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91214-3
- Lawrenson, J.G., Edgar, D.F., Tanna, G.K. and Gudgeon, A.C. (1998). Comparison of the tolerability and efficacy of unit-dose, preservative-free topical ocular anaesthetics. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 18(5), pp. 393-400
- Edgar, D.F. (1998). An overview of the current drugs scene. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 18(2), pp. 97-102. doi:10.1016/S0275-5408(97)00076-8
- Hennelly, M.L., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Woodward, E.G. (1998). The effect of age on the light scattering characteristics of the eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 18(2), pp. 197-203. doi:10.1016/S0275-5408(97)00077-X
- Hennelly, M.L., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Woodward, E.G. (1998). The effect of age on the light scattering characteristics of the eye. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 18(2), pp. 197-203. doi:10.1016/S0275-5408(97)00077-X
- Edgar, D.F. and Gilmartin, B. (1997). Ocular adverse reactions to systemic medication. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 17, pp. S2-S8. doi:10.1016/S0275-5408(97)00038-0
- Crabb, D.P., Fitzke, F.W., McNaught, A.I., Edgar, D.F. and Hitchings, R.A. (1997). Improving the prediction of visual field progression in glaucoma using spatial processing. OPHTHALMOLOGY, 104(3), pp. 517-524. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(97)30281-4
- Sahraie, A., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Weiskrantz, L. (1996). Motion discrimination of single targets: Comparison of preliminary findings in normal subjects and patients with glaucoma. GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 234(9), pp. 553-560. doi:10.1007/BF00448799
- Rudnicka, A.R. and Edgar, D.F. (1996). Automated static perimetry in myopes with peripapillary crescents .2. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 16(5), pp. 416-429
- Sahraie, A., Barbur, J.L., Edgar, D.F. and Weiskrantz, L. (1996). Motion discrimination of single targets: Comparison of preliminary findings in normal subjects and patients with glaucoma. Graefe S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 234(9), pp. 553-560. doi:10.1007/BF00448799
- Edgar, D.F. (1996). A.G. Bennett (1912-1994) - Obituary. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 16(1), pp. 88-89. doi:10.1016/S0275-5408(96)90016-2
- RUDNICKA, A.R. and EDGAR, D.F. (1995). AUTOMATED STATIC PERIMETRY IN MYOPES WITH PERIPAPILLARY CRESCENTS .1. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 15(5), pp. 409-412. doi:10.1046/j.1475-1313.1995.9500072l.x
- EDGAR, D. (1995). Editorial. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 15, pp. S26-S26. doi:10.1016/0275-5408(95)90030-6
- Sanchez, A., Larrosa, J.M., Honrubia, F.M., Edgar, D.F. and Rudnicka, A.R. (1995). Letters to the editor. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 233(8), pp. 535-535. doi:10.1007/bf00183437
- FITZKE, F.W., CRABB, D.P., MCNAUGHT, A.I., EDGAR, D.F. and HITCHINGS, R.A. (1995). IMAGE-PROCESSING OF COMPUTERIZED VISUAL-FIELD DATA. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 79(3), pp. 207-212. doi:10.1136/bjo.79.3.207
- CRABB, D.P., EDGAR, D.F., FITZKE, F.W., MCNAUGHT, A.I. and WYNN, H.P. (1995). NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATING VARIABILITY IN VISUAL-FIELD DATA USING AN IMAGE-PROCESSING TECHNIQUE. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 79(3), pp. 213-217. doi:10.1136/bjo.79.3.213
- EDGAR, D. (1995). CLINICAL OPTOMETRY UPDATE. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 15, pp. S1-S1. doi:10.1016/0275-5408(95)90026-8
- EDGAR, D. (1995). Editorial. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 15, pp. S1-S1. doi:10.1016/0275-5408(95)90026-8
- BENNETT, A.G., RUDNICKA, A.R. and EDGAR, D.F. (1994). IMPROVEMENTS ON LITTMANN METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SIZE OF RETINAL FEATURES BY FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY. GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 232(6), pp. 361-367. doi:10.1007/BF00175988
- Lawrenson, J.G., Edgar, D.F., Gudgeon, A.C., Burns, J.M., Geraint, M. and Barnard, N.A. (1993). A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of topically applied proxymetacaine using a novel ophthalmic delivery system versus eye drops in healthy young volunteers. Br J Ophthalmol, 77(11), pp. 713-715. doi:10.1136/bjo.77.11.713
- RUDNICKA, A.R., EDGAR, D.F. and BENNETT, A.G. (1992). CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL EYE AND ITS APPLICATIONS. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 12(4), pp. 485-490. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1992.tb00321.x
- STEELE, C.F., CRABB, D.P. and EDGAR, D.F. (1992). EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT OCULAR FIXATION CONDITIONS ON A-SCAN ULTRASOUND BIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS. OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, 12(4), pp. 491-495. doi:10.1016/0275-5408(92)90182-V
- RUDNICKA, A.R., STEELE, C.F., CRABB, D.P. and EDGAR, D.F. (1992). REPEATABILITY, REPRODUCIBILITY AND INTERSESSION VARIABILITY OF THE ALLERGAN HUMPHREY ULTRASONIC BIOMETER. ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, 70(3), pp. 327-334
- Edgar, D.F. and Pullum, K.W. (1989). British optometry. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 60(2), pp. 87
- Shah, B., Hubbard, B., Stewart‐Jones, J.H., Edgar, D.F. and Turner, P. (1989). Influence of thymoxamine eye‐drops on the mydriatic effect of tropicamide and phenylephrine alone and in combination. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 9(2), pp. 153-155. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1989.tb00835.x
- Mckinna, H., Stewart-Jones, J.H., Edgar, D.F. and Turner, P. (1988). Reversal of tropicamide-induced mydriasis by thymoxamine Eye drops. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 11(1), pp. 1-3. doi:10.1185/03007998809111123
- Corcoran, J.S., Moore, K., Agarawal, O.P., Edgar, D.F. and Yudkin, J.S. (1985). Visual acuity screening for diabetic maculopathy. Practical Diabetes International, 2(6), pp. 30-32. doi:10.1002/pdi.1960020610
- Ramsden, R.J., Edgar, D.F., Stewart-Jones, J.H. and Turner, P. (1985). Non-contact tonometry and pupillary responses to topical phenylephrine and thymoxamine. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research, 5(3), pp. 213-214
- PINNEY, H., EDGAR, D., STEWARTJONES, J.H., MEKKI, Q.A. and TURNER, P. (1985). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUPIL SIZE AND INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE AFTER TOPICAL APPLICATION OF GUANETHIDINE AND THYMOXAMINE. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 20(5), pp. P535-P536
- MEKKI, Q.A., PENHALL, R., EDGAR, D.F., STEWARTJONES, J.H. and TURNER, P. (1983). LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF PINDOLOL EYE DROPS. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 15(1), pp. 112-113. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01473.x
- Tyas, C., Stewart-Jones, J.H., Edgar, D.F. and Turner, P. (1981). The effect of 0.25% and 0.5% pindolol on intraocular pressure in normal human volunteers. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 7(8), pp. 550-552. doi:10.1185/03007998109112372
- TYAS, C., STEWARTJONES, J.H., EDGAR, D.F. and TURNER, P. (1981). THE EFFECT OF 0.25-PERCENT AND 0.5-PERCENT PINDOLOL ON INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE IN NORMAL HUMAN VOLUNTEERS. CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION, 7(8), pp. 550-552. doi:10.1185/03007998109112372
- ROWLEY, S., STAUNTON, J.E., TOSCH, A., STEWARTJONES, J.H., EDGAR, D.F. and TURNER, P. (1981). A NON-INVASIVE TONOMETER IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF PINDOLOL AND TIMOLOL ON INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 65(8), pp. 536-538. doi:10.1136/bjo.65.8.536
- Edwards, L., Taylor, D.J., Shah, R., Campbell, P., Edgar, D.F. and Crabb, D.P. Feeling the pressure - Initial results from a shopping centre/mall Pop-Up for screening intra-ocular pressure (IOP) across England. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(9). doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6370-0
Poster
- Subramanian, A. Chromatic sensitivity in diabetic patients treated with Ozurdex. ARVO, 2013.
Practitioners (2)
- (2012). Risk factors for Open Angle Glaucoma. Optometry Today, pp. 48-52
- (2012). Editorial. Special issue on ageing and vision. Optometry in Practice, pp. ii-iv
Other (4)
- Parkins, D.J. and Edgar, D.F.(2012). College guidelines for examining patients at risk from glaucoma.
- Edgar, D.F.(1996). An appreciation. A. G. Bennett (1912-1994).
- EDGAR, D.F. and RUDNICKA, A.R.(1995). IMPROVEMENTS ON LITTMANNS THEORETICAL METHOD - REPLY.
- Harani, S., Evans, B.J.W. and Edgar, D.F. Risk Factors for Open Angle Glaucoma.
Professional activities
Editorial activity
- Editorial Board of Optometry in Practice..
Events/conferences (2)
-
Location specific, differential loss of functional sensitivity in glaucoma. International Colour Vision Society (2013).
Description: Invited presentation. - The content of optometric eye examinations for a presbyopic patient presenting with symptoms of flashing lights. College of Optometrists "Optometry Tomorrow" annual conference (2010).